In February 2025, Attorney General Pam Bondi issued formal warnings to the states of California, Maine, and Minnesota, urging them to align their policies on transgender student participation in women’s sports with federal regulations. Bondi emphasized that failure to comply could result in legal action and potential loss of federal funding.
Background
This initiative follows President Donald Trump’s executive order, signed earlier in February, which prohibits transgender individuals from competing in women’s sports. The order asserts that allowing such participation is “demeaning, unfair, and dangerous to women and girls.” It also cites violations of Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972, which mandates sex-based discrimination protections in educational programs receiving federal funding.
Specific Actions in Targeted States
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California: Bondi addressed concerns regarding the California Interscholastic Federation’s policies, suggesting that allowing transgender students to compete in women’s sports may violate federal law. She warned that if investigations confirm non-compliance, the Department of Justice (DOJ) is prepared to take appropriate action.
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Maine: Following a public disagreement between President Trump and Governor Janet Mills over the state’s policies, Bondi sent a letter to Governor Mills. She stated that if federal investigations reveal that Maine’s policies deny girls equal opportunities by permitting boys to compete in women’s sports, the DOJ stands ready to enforce federal law, which could include legal action and termination of federal funds.
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Minnesota: Bondi referenced an opinion by Attorney General Keith Ellison, which suggested that the Minnesota State High School League would violate state law unless it allowed transgender students to participate in women’s sports. Bondi countered that such policies might be “demeaning, unfair, and dangerous” and warned of potential legal consequences if they continue.
Federal Enforcement and Potential Consequences
Bondi emphasized that the DOJ is committed to defending women’s sports and will utilize all legal options to ensure state compliance with federal laws. She highlighted that non-compliance could lead to lawsuits and the withdrawal of federal funding from educational institutions. The Education Department’s investigations into the policies of these states are ongoing, and findings may influence future enforcement actions.
Public and Legal Reactions
The DOJ’s stance has sparked discussions about states’ rights versus federal authority. While some argue that states should have the autonomy to determine participation in school sports, others contend that federal laws ensuring equal opportunities for women and girls in sports should prevail. The outcome of this initiative may set significant precedents for the balance of power between state and federal regulations concerning educational policies and civil rights.
Looking Ahead
As investigations proceed, the affected states face critical decisions on whether to adjust their policies to comply with federal directives or to challenge the DOJ’s position. The resolution of this issue will have lasting implications for educational institutions, student-athletes, and the interpretation of federal civil rights protections in the context of gender identity and sports participation.
